when, while与as的用法区别
1. 根据从句动作的持续性来区分
若是“主短从长”型,即主句是一个短暂性的动作,而从句是一个持续性动作,此时三者都可用。如:
As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火车时,变得很不耐烦。
若是“主长从长”型,即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。如:
I always listen to the radio while I'm driving. 我总是一边开车一边听收音机。
但是,若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时,则习惯上要用as。如:
He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂。
若是“主长从短”型,即主句是一个持续性动作,而从句是一个短暂性动作,此时可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。
2. 根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分
若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“一……就”的意思,英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如:
The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一进来他立刻站了起来。
若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“刚要……就”“正要……却”的意思,英语一般要用as(也可用when),且此时通常连用副词just。如:
Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在这两个人要离开的时候,突然有了消息。
3. 根据是否具有伴随变化来区分
若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化,有类似汉语“随着”的意思,英语习惯上要用as,而不用when或while。如:
The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 随着炉火逐渐减弱,房间越来越冷。
As time goes by my memory seems to get worse. 随着时间的流逝,我的记忆力似乎越来越差。
若不是引导从句,而是引出一个短语,则用with,不用as。如:
With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes. 随着冬天到来,该买暖和衣裳了。
The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长。
4. 根据从句动作的规律性来区分
若暗示一种规律性,表示“每当……的时候”,英语一般要用when。如:
He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。
5. 根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分
若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用when。如:
When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match. 等他到了,他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。
When she had finished she waited as though for a reply. 她讲完之后等了等,仿佛是在等候回答似的。
1. The manager asked her to ________ the mistake on the price-tag.
A. change B. vary C. alterD. alternate
解析:经理要她更正价格标签上qUklgyAl出现的错误。
change: 为一般用语,指本质上或形态上的彻底改变
vary: 一般指数量或形式上的渐渐地变化,不发生质的变化
alter: 一般指表面或局部的改变,改正
alternate: 交替
2. Soap has the ________ of removing dirt.
A. proper B. property C. quantity D. proportion
解析:肥皂有去污的特性。
proper: adj.合适的
property: n.属性
quantity: n.数量
proportion: n.比例
3. She is a ________ observer of slight differences in things.
A. commonplace B. peculiar C. subtleD. plentiful
解析:她是个能注意到事物的细微差别的敏锐的观察者。
commonplace:司空见惯的、平凡的、普通的
peculiar: 独特的、特有的、古怪的、奇异的
subtle: 敏锐的、敏感的
plentiful: 足够的、大量的
4. He often _______ in his speech.
A. tumbles B. jumbles C. rumbles D. stumbles
解析:他讲话时经常结结巴巴。
tumbles:(使)跌倒、滚下
jumbles:混杂、搀杂、(使)混乱
rumbles:隆隆声
stumbles:结结巴巴说话、踌躇
5. This is the ________ piano on which the composer created some of his gwww.58yuanyou.comreatest works.
A. true B. originalC. real D. genuine
解析:这是架最早的钢琴,在上面这位作曲家创作了他的www.58yuanyou.com一些伟大的作品。
true:真实的,正确的
original:最初的,本来的
real:真的,真实的
genuine:真正的
6. The directions were so _______ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.
A. ingenious B. ambitious C. notorious D. ambiguous
解析:这些指令如此模棱两可,以至于无法完成这项任务。
ingenious:机灵的,有独创性的
ambitious:野心勃勃的,有抱负的
notorious:臭名昭著
ambiguous:模棱两可的,不明确的
7. The committee is expected to_________ a decision this evening.
A. reach B. arrive C. bring D. take
解析: 委员会预计今晚作出决定。
考察固定搭配come to a decision, arrive at a decision,reach a decision
8. We could do nothing but ________ the order.
A. obeyB.to obey C. obeying D. obeyed
解析:我们只得服从命令。
but作“除.....之外”讲时,可以接动词不定式,不接动名词,如果其后有动词do,则要接不带to的动词不定式。
9. I slept through her ________ speech.
A. interesting B. odd C. internal D. dull
解析:因她的演讲单调乏味,我睡着了。
interesting:有趣的,有趣的演说不会使人睡着
odd:临时的, 不固定的
internal:国内的,内部的
dull:枯燥无味的
10. She had the good ________ to be free from illness all her life.
A. destiny B. luck C. chance D. fortune
解析:她一生都幸运地没有得过病。
destiny:"命运",一般指人力不能左右,预先注定的"天命"
luck:"好运",指意想不到,不期而遇的机遇
chance:"机会",常指偶然的,无法预知后果的运气
fortune:指对人有重要影响的机会和运气
11. Though they were in the mountain area, they were well ________ about the world by watching TV.
A.told B.said C. spoken D. informed
答案:D
参考译文:虽然他们身处山区,但是通过电视他们对外面世界的消息依然灵通。
解析:be informed about:精通某事,对某事消息灵通
12. Wherever there is matter, there is energy; all changes of matter ________ changes in the form of the energy.
A.retain B.include C.involve D. contain
答案:C
译文:哪里有物质,哪里就有能量;物质的所有变化都涉及能量形式的变化。
retain:保留[持] 不忘; 记住雇用, 聘请(律师等)
include:包住, 关住 包含, 包括 算[计]入
involve:使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要 使参与, 牵涉
contain:包含; 容纳
13. She ______ with me for an hour about the folly of my plans.
A discussed B responded C deduced D reasoned
答案:D
译文:她跟我讲了一个小时的道理以说明我的计划的愚蠢。
discussed:讨论”,似乎符合题意,但它是及物动词,须直接跟宾语而不用介词
responded:反应,对…做出反应,常与介词to连用;
deduced:演绎、推断、推论,该词也是及物动词;
reasoned:讲道理,为不及物动词,此处结构为reason with sb about sth
14. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _______ down the economy.
A put B settle C drag D knock
答案:C
译文:没有人知道金融体系的不稳定会在多长时间内,多大程度上把经济拖垮。
put down意为“写下,镇压”;
settle down意为“安家,平静下来”;
drag down意为“拖垮”;
knock down意为“击倒,撞倒”。
15. My sister and I have ________ ideas on how to raise children.
A irregular B diverse C relative D resistant
答案:B
本题大意:我和我妹妹在教养孩子方面持完全不同的观念。
irregular意为“不规则的,非正规的,变化不定的”;
diverse意为“完全不同的”;
relative意为“有关系的,有联系的,相对的,比较的”;
resistant意为“抵抗的,有抵抗力的”,常与介词to连用;
eg:the trees are resistant to cold weather.这些树有抗寒能力。
16. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any ______ on his promises.
A faith B belief C credit D reliance
答案:D
本题大意:他让我多次失望,我再也不能相信他的许诺。
本题考查惯用搭配知识。
四个选项中只有D项reliance可以与介词on搭配,place reliance on 意思是“相信,信赖”。
17. Although he was on a diet, the food _______ him enormously.
A inspired B temptedC overcame D encouraged
答案:B
本题大意:虽然他在节食减肥,但食物仍然对他有巨大的诱惑力。
inspired意为“鼓舞,给…以灵感”;
tempted意为“诱惑,引诱”;
overcame意为“克服,战胜”;
encouraged意为“鼓励”。
18. Having finished the letter, he_________ it carefully and sealed the envelope with a kiss.
A. folded B. bent C. turned D. curved
答案:A。
本句的意思是"他写完信,小心地把它叠起来,用舌头舔了一下,封上口。
fold:折叠,对折。
fold a blanket (letter) 折毯子(信)。
bent:弯曲的。
curve:使弯曲。
19. Last year_________ of new books were published on environmental protection.
A. the hundred B. hundredsC. a hundred D. one hundred
答案:B。
译文:去年出版了数百本关于环境保护的新书。
hundreds of new books :成百上千的新书 hundred, thousand, million//www.58yuanyou.com前面若有具体的数字要用单数形式。如:five hundred, (500)。six thousand,(6000)。但如果它们后面有of,则要用复数形式,而且后面的名词也要用复数形式。同时,前面不能加具体的数目。又如:thousands of students:成千上万的学生millions of people:上百万的人。
20. Literature and art have a great influence _________people's ideology.
A. to B. on C. for D. onto
答案:B
have an influence on … 影响,对…起作用。
He had a great influence on my career.他对我的生涯有过巨大的影响。
the influence of religion on society 宗教对社会的影响。
21. ______we keep records on all the experiments so that we may have enough data.
A. As a whole B. As a rule C. On the average D. By all means
答案:B
译文:一般来说,我们对所有的实验都作记录,以便得到足够的数据。
as a (general ) rule :通常,一般来说。
as a whole:作为一个整体,整体来看
on (an 或the) average: 按平均值,通常
by all means:尽一切办法,务必
22. He spoke so quickly that I didn't _________ what he said.
A. make for B. make sure C. make over D. make out
答案:D
参考译文:他说话太快了,以至我很难听清楚他在说些什么。
解析:
make out 有"辨认出、听出"的意思。
make for: 走向,朝…前进。
make sure: 设法保证。
make over: 翻新、改造。
23.A man made so ________ as to enter without knocking.
A. strong B. bold C. bald D. fearless
答案:B
参考译文:有个人门也不敲就冒冒失失闯进屋来了。
解析:
strong: 健壮的,不qUklgyAl能说健壮到不敲门
bold: 冒失的,鲁莽轻率的
bald: 秃头了
fearless: 无畏的,毫不害怕的,不合题意
24.How much are you going to ________ me for repairing this car?
A. charge B. request C. need D. require
答案:A
参考译文:修理这辆车,你收多少钱?
解析:
charge要价,收费
request: 请求,要求,不能说请求或要求多少钱
need: 需要,必要
require: 要求,需要
25. His words ________ an awkward situation.
A. did B. made C. gave D. created
答案:D
参考译文:他的话引起了尴尬的场面。
解析:
create: 在此指“引起,产生”