双重否定句是什么意思

最近有同学问到了一个关于双重否定的问题:

双重否定句是什么意思

双重否定句是什么意思

双重否定句是什么意思

There are very few people who would not like to do it. 意思是“没有多少人愿意做这件事情”还是“不少人愿意做这件事情”?There are very few people who would like to do it. 这句话就没什么歧义,意思是“没有多少人愿意做这件事情”,而从句中如果加"not"否定的应该是从句部分,因此应该理解为“不少人愿意做这件事情”。

为了进一步验证我的想法,我在谷歌上搜"few people who would not"(这个指令的意思是查找所有包含有该句式的网页),然后查看该句型在语境中的具体含义。《卫报》的一篇文章中有这样一个句子

双重否定句是什么意思

If the governments of North Korea and Iraq could be overthrown, and the internal struggle in Iran ended in favour of the moderates, there are few people who would not heave a great sigh of relief.

从语境中我们可以很清楚地知道,"there are few people who would not heave a great sigh of relief" 应该理解为“很少有人不为之大松一口气”(即“很多人为之大松一口气”),而不是“很少有人会为之大松一口气”。

同时,在搜索过程中我还发现之前已经有人在国外语言问答网站wordreference上问过一个相同的问题:

双重否定句是什么意思

根据英语母语者的反馈,There are very few people who would not like to do it. 确实应该理解为“不少人愿意做这件事情”。

双重否定句是什么意思

双重否定句是什么意思

双重否定是指在同www.58yuanyou.com一句子中两次使用否定形式,结果互相抵消,实际上是一种强调形式的肯定。双重否定在英语中很常见,比如很多同学很喜欢用的一个句式:it is not uncommon for somebody to do something(某人做某事很常见)就是一种双重否定。又比如新概念英语3课文中有这样一个句子:

As Daniel Goldin of NASA observed, "Finding life elsewhere would change everything. No human endeavor or thought would be unchanged by it."

正如美国国家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼尔戈尔丁指出的,“在其他地方发现生命会改变一切,任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。”

句子中no与unchanged构成了双重否定,以此来对发现外星生命对人类的重要性进行强调。

除了双重否定句,英语中有一些句子的否定形式比较有迷惑性,容易造成理解偏差,比如cannot…too…结构。该结构虽然形式是否定结构,但表达的却是肯定含义。它的意思是“再……也不过分”,比如:You can't be too careful. 应该理解为“你无论多么小心也不过分”,而不能理解为“你不能过分小心”。

又比如新概念英语2第41课有这样的场景:男主人公陪妻子去买帽子,并因为等妻子试帽子太久而和她吵起来。其中有这样的对话:

'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'
'I find it beauwww.58yuanyou.comtiful,' I said. majVsBpWE'A man can never have too many ties.'
'And a woman can't have too many hats,' she answered.

"A man can never have too many ties." 应该理解为“男人有多少根领带也不嫌多”,"A woman can't have too many hats." 也应该理解为“女人有多少顶帽子也不嫌多”。

又比如somethinwww.58yuanyou.comg cannot be overemphasized 这一结构应该理解为“某事再怎么强调也不过分”,而不能理解为“某事不能被过分强调”,例如:The importance of adequate preparation cannot be overemphasized. 做//www.58yuanyou.com好充足准备的重要性怎么强调也不过分。

另一个不太好理解的双重否定句式是hardly a day/week/month goes by without… 句式的意思是“几乎每天/每周/每月都……”,比如:Hardly a week goes by without a new reason to be gloomy about the dollar. 人们几乎每一周都能找到看衰美元的新理由。

以上几个句式平时遇到的时候要特别留意,避免出现理解错误。

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