最近有一个词很火，叫做“内卷化”。
教育、医疗、养老、职场就业、房价、婚姻恋爱，仿佛社会生活的方方面面都存在内卷化，真的是万物皆可“内卷化”？
今天，我们就一起跟随学姐的脚步，一同来聊聊“内卷化”。
Over the past few months, Chinese people from all walks of life, be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students, have all discovered their daily lives can be accurately described by the same once-arcaneacademic term: involution.
在过去的几个月里，来自各行各业的中国人，无论是软件开发人员、全职妈妈还是优秀的大学生，都发现自己的日常生活可以用同样一个曾经晦涩原由网难懂的学术术语来准确描述：内卷化。
Originally used by anthropologists to describe self-perpetuating processes that keep agrarian societies from progressing, involution has become a shorthandused by Chinese urbanites to describe the ills of their modern lives: Parents fJZMbgLLEeel intense pressure to provide their children with the very best; children must keep up in the educational rat race; office workers have to clock in a grinding number of hours.
“内卷化”最初被人类学家用来描述阻碍农业社会进步的自我延续过程，现在已经成为中国城市居民用来描述他们现代生活弊端的一种含蓄的说法：要给孩子提供最好的东西，家长们感到巨大的压力；孩子们必须要跟上教育界的激烈竞争；上班族必须打卡去上很长时间、难熬的班。
第一，学会walk of life的用法。这个词作可数名词，表示the position in society someone has, especially the type of job they have from every，社会阶层、（尤指）行业、职业，常用搭配为walk of life/from all walks of life，例：Our volunteers include people from all walks of life. 我们的志愿者包括各界人士。
第二，学会once-的构词法。此时once作副词，表示at some time in the past, but not now，曾经、以前，常用搭配为once-great/proud etc，例：It was sad to see the once-great man looking so frail. 看到曾经的伟人如此虚弱，真让人难过。
第三，学会arcane /ken/的用法。这个形容词可表示secret and known or understood by only a few people，秘密的、晦涩难懂的，例：the arcane language of the law 晦涩难懂的法律语言
第四，学会shorthand的用法。这个词作不可数名词，可表示a shorter but less clear way of saying something，简单含糊的说法，其后常接介词for，例：He’s been ‘relocated’, which is shorthand for ‘given a worse job a long way away’. 他已经被“重新安置”，这是一个简单含蓄的说法，其实就是“被派到很远的地方作更差的工作”。
Involution can be understood as the opposite of evolution. The Chinese word, neijuan, is made up of the characters for ‘inside’ and ‘rolling,’ and is more intuitively understood as something that spirals in on itself, a process that traps participants who know they won’t benefit from it.
内卷化可以理解为进化的对立面。中文中的“内卷”由“内”和“卷”两个字组成，可以更直观地理解为一种自身螺旋状的东西，这是一个让参与者陷入困境的过程，他们知道自己不会从中受益。
In a sense, it’s the latest word for the negative side of China’s cutthroat society, similar to sang, the mentality of people who have turned apathetic by incessant competition, or the various memes people use to decry their intensely boring white-collar jobs. But involution’s academic roots and its widespread application suggest the word, to many, captures something more fundamental.
从某种意义上来说，这是反映中国残酷社会消极一面的最新词汇，类似于“丧”，即人们因不断的竞争而变得冷漠的心态，抑或是类似于人们用来谴责自己极其无聊的白领工作的各种表情包。但对很多人来说，内卷化的学术根源及其广泛的应用表明，这个词抓住了一些更根本的东西。
第一，学会in a sense/in one sense/in some senses etc的用法。这个词组表示in one way, in some ways etc，从某种意义上来讲，例：What he says is right, in a sense. 他所说的是对的，从某种意义上来讲。
第二，学会cut-throat的用法。这个形容词表示a cut-throat activity or business involves people competing with each other in an unpleasant way，竞争激烈的、残酷竞争的，例：Cut-throat competition is keeping prices low. 激烈的竞争使加个保持在低原由网水平。
第三，学会incessant /nsesnt/的用法。这个词作形容词，往往用在名词前，表示continuing without stopping，持续不//www.58yuanyou.com断的、原由网没完没了的，其同义词为constant，例：The child’s incessant talking started to irritate her. 这孩子喋喋不休，她开始烦躁起来。
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