非谓语动词包括动词的不定式（to do），动名词（doing），分词（现在分词doing，过去分词done）三大类别，四种形式。//www.58yuanyou.com无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。具体如下：
A. 动名词：具有名词功能
常在句中作主语、宾语；作定语时表功能；
B. 现在分词： 表主动和正在进行
常在句中作定语、状语、宾补；
C. 过去分词： 被动和已完成
常在句中作定语、状语、补语；
D. 动词不定式：形式不固定，可以做谓语之外的其他成分， 表将来具体某一次；常在句中作主语、定语、状语、补语、宾语等。
要学好非谓语，掌握它们的基本特征很关键。
具体考法如下：
注意，动词done和doing的写法，大家一定要知道。其中常见的经常错的如下：
Ⅰcontrol /ken'trl/重音在第二个音节，要双写-l
control—controlled—controlled (英美都双写）
control—controlling (英美都双写）
Ⅱ在非重读音节中，英国英语双写-l，美国英语不双写
travel —travelled —travelled (英国英语双写-l)
travel —traveled —traveled (美国英语不双写-l)
travel —travelling (英国英语双写-l)
travel —traveling (美国英语不双写-l)属于这类的还有: signal, equal, label, dial, quarrel 等。
III. 以-ic结尾，把-c变-ck加-ed 和-ing
picnic—picnicked—picnicked
panic—panicked—panicked
picnic—picnicking
panic—panicking
第一部分 做主语
做主语的可以是不定式，动名词的形式。
一、动名词与不定式的区别
动词作主语时，如果侧重于表示经常性，在动词后面加-ing构成动名词来作主语；如果侧重于表达将来特定的某一次，则用动词不定式来作主语。例如：
Playingtable tennis is my favorite sport.
(“打乒乓球”经常性，因此用动名词。）
To go to a key college is his dream.
(“上名牌大学”指特定的将来的某一次，用不定式。）
Being exposedto sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s kin.
在阳光下晒太长时间会伤害一个人的皮肤。
注意：有时为了对称，主语、宾语（或表语）要么都用不定式，要么都用动名词。
（1）Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe. 眼见为实
（2）To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly.
正确回答比快速完成更重要。
二、it 做形式主语的三大注意事项
it作形式主语时，后面常用动词不定式作真正主语；也有用动名词作真正主语的
A. 常用不定式作真正主语
动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子头重足轻，常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面。
It is easy to learn English well.学好英语很容易。
It is wrong to tell lies.说谎是错误的。
It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何时何地讨论她的辞职还没定。
B. no use (good)作表语时必须用动名词作真正主语
It was nice meeting you. 见到你很高兴。（用于分别时）
It’s no good (use) doing that.这样做没好处(没用）。
C. 必备三大句型
句型1：It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适。（否定）
句型2：It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.
It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. 你来为我们送行太好了。
It//www.58yuanyou.com’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much. 他喝这么多酒、抽这么多烟是不明智的。
区别：如果句型1，句型2能够改写成sb. + be + adj. + to do sth., 则使用of；否则，用for。
例如：（1）It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 这句话不能写成You are a great shame to forget her. 所以用for。
（2）It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. 这句话能改成You are kind to come to see us off.所以用of。
句型3：It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It takes me three days to complete the task. 我花费了3天时间才完成这个工作。
第二部分 作宾语
做宾语的可以是不定式，动名词的形式。
动词后+不定式或者动名词，分四种情况。
1、只+ to do，不+doing；如decide to do sth.（必须背过）
2、只+ doing，不+to do；如finish doing sth.（必须原由网背过）
3、+ doing，或者to do，含义区别不大; 如start doing sth. ; start to do sth.
4、+doing，或者to do，含义不同：如stop doing sth. ; stop to do sth.（必须背过）
一、只+ to do，不+doing。(24 + 10)
基础版：
提升版：
经典例句（注意not 的翻译）:
（1）She told me that she had decided not to play computer gamesagain. 她告诉我她决定不会再玩电子游戏了。
（2）She told me that she had not decided to play computer gamesagain. 她告诉我她还没有决定再次玩电脑游戏。
二、只+ doing，不+to do；（34）
三、+ doing，或者to do，含义区别不大
start, begin, prefer 这四个动词+doing或者to do含义区别不大。
He began to work/ working as soon as he got there.
He prefers watching football to playing it.
I’d prefer not to discuss this issue.
注意：prefer to do rather than do，prefer doing to doing是固定搭配，不能混用。
四、+doing，或者to do，含义不同(11个)
(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事
(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事
(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事
(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果
(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事
(8) stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事；stop doing sth.停止做当前的事情
(9) be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事; used to do 过去经常做某事; be used to do 被用来做
(10) want / need/ require doing sth. 跟动名词表示被动= want/need/require to be done
(11) like/ hate doing喜欢/讨厌某种行为（经常性）like/ hate to do 喜欢/讨厌去做某事（特定的某一次）
五、含有介词to的常考短语(18个)
(1) be addicted to 沉溺于；对......上瘾
He is addicted to fishing.他沉溺于钓鱼
(2) devote oneself to doing sth. /be devoted to doing sth.献身于做某事/专心致志于做某事……
She devoted herself to helping the poor.她致力于帮助穷人。
He devotes his time to reading.他的时间都用于读书
Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy. 她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。
(3) be equal to doing sth.等于做某事，能胜任做某事
This is equal to saying that he knows her well.这就等于说他很熟悉她
She didn’t feel equal to receiving visitors.她感到身体不适，不能会客
(4) object to doing sth. 反对做某事
have an objection to doing sth.反对(反感)做某事
He objected to being treated like a child.他反对被当作小孩看待
He has a strong objection to getting up so early.他很反感这么早就起床
(5) be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事
I’m opposed to telling him the news at once.我反对马上告诉他这个消息
(6) reduce sb. to doing sth.使某人沦为......
Hunger reduced them to stealing.饥饿使他们沧落为盗贼
He was reduced to begging for food.最后他沦为乞丐
(7) pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事
We should pay www.58yuanyou.commore attention to uniting and working the comrades who differ with us.我们应该更注意团结那些与自己意见不同的同志
(8) be used to doing sth./ be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
John has got used to sleeping late.约翰已习惯很晚睡觉了。
I am not accustomed to being treated like this.我不习惯被这样对待
(9) get down to doing sth.开始做某事，认真处理某事
After lunch we got down to discussing the issue of pay.午餐之后，我们开始认真讨论报酬的问题。
(10) look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事
I look forward to hearing from you. 盼早日收到你的来信。
(11) come /be near/close to doing sth. 几乎快要做某亊
I was near to screaming.我险些喊叫起来。
We had an outstanding season and came so close to winning the title again. 我们这个赛季不错，差点又赢得了那个头衔。
(12) in addition to doing sth .除做某事之外
In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money.他不但我提了些忠告,而且了我一些钱
(13) key to doing sth.做某事的关键
Yet transportation is the key to getting this food to the children and their families. 交通是把这食物送给那些孩子和他们家人的关健。
(14) make contributions to 对......做贡献
Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment. 每个人都应当对保护环境做出贡献
(15) when it comes to...... 谈到......时
There is no shortage of ideas when it comes to improving the education of children. 当谈及改善孩子的教育时，是不缺乏主意的。
(16) on one’s way to doing . . . 处在去做某亊的过程中
Alice just got into medical school. She’s on her way to becoming a doctor. 爱丽丝刚进入医学院学习，她将成为一名医生.
(17) lead to: 导致
Hard work leadswww.58yuanyou.com to success. Laziness leads to failing the exam. 努力工作带来成功，懒惰导致考试失败。
注意：在写作中，lead to，可以用来替换if引导的主将从现的句子。
If you work hard, you will succeed. = Hard work leads to success.
(18)stick to: 坚持
Perhaps she should have stuck to writing.
也许她应该坚持写作。
