这几天柚子菌彻底把自己玩嗨了，见了//www.58yuanyou.com两个大神，和他们撸了火锅和串串，深深地意识到自己的认知格局是多么地小。一位是刚出了新书的Scalers,清华大学学霸，持续行动一千多天的牛人。我参加的是他8.19号的成都线下课，被S大虐了6个小时，作为一个文科生，听清华学霸用模糊数学、密码学、物理学来解释行动和学习系统，我觉得我的智商被碾压到只剩渣渣，不对，全都是泡沫。。。接下来S大在广州、上海等地还有线下课。下图是上完课后在成都街头撸串的我们
通过S大接触到了学霸猫，猫老师和S大画风完全不同，Scalers是冷静到极致的行动达人，猫老师则是开着兰博基尼随时准备飙车的老司机。但猫老师也是一名大学神，她毕业于浙江大学社会学系，本科期间拿过浙江大学的最高级别的竺可桢奖学金，更多关于她的传奇经历，你去百度“俞立颖”，或者知乎搜“学霸猫”，你会跪着回来的。
8月22日，我浪到猫老师资阳的家中玩（什么？为啥我可以去大神家玩？因为我厚脸皮啊，参照和知乎英语大神一起吃火锅是一种怎样的体验？），被猫老师书房那一墙的书给惊呆了，我脑海中勉强蹦出几个成语“汗牛充栋”、“学富五车”、“博闻强识”、“学贯中西”......在猫老师家里品尝了白兰地熟醉沼虾，谈了谈人生观、价值观、世界观。中午在搓火锅的时候猫老师给我们免费上了一门价值一个亿的商业课（毕竟猫老师24岁时就拥有了一家市值好多个亿的上市公司）。吃完饭猫老师开着车带着我们从资阳一路向南奔到宜宾，中途还专门跑到内江吃了碗“寡妇面”。在宜宾，躺在超软的酒店床垫上，没出息的柚子菌心中暗暗发誓“一定要赚大钱住好酒店！妈蛋，太爽了”。次日早起，跟着猫老师打了太极学了猫步，又前往翠屏山，在山上席地而坐，谈了一上午的神棍学，哈哈哈！醍醐灌顶，政治正确神马的，拜了个拜。另外宜宾有家李庄白肉，它家的川菜真的好好吃！！！在水井路126号，去宜宾玩时可不要错过喽。
猫老师对哲学、社会学、佛学的造诣极深，但她自己又是一位非常成功的创业家，两天的相处时光里我从猫老师学到了很多知识，这是不是书本上能找到的，也无法用金钱衡量。如果你是在校的学生，猫老师有一份礼物要送给你。帮学霸猫送出100万：高中生/大学生可申请免费加入BVM社群，但学费请以后拿来回馈社会，我前天在我的朋友圈有分享过这个链接，但又好几个朋友都以为我被传销了，有的说看不懂文章在说什么。如果你在读完这个链接里的文章后仍有疑问的话，那就不要写申请，也不要向我提问，机会只留给有缘之人。浪完之后我还是继续学习哒~以下是四个句子的分析
第一句
那些支持学校把学生的能力作为录取依据的人们认为：如果学校录取过程成为一个“能力择优”的过程，这样可以引入一些竞争因素，从而激励一些学生更加努力。他们还指出一个事实：如果尖子生与落后生混合在一起，授课就很难步调一致。最有才华的学生会觉得课程太容易，而垫底的学生却很吃力。
Those whosupport schools admitting students onthe basis oftheir ability believe making the school selection process a meritocracyintroduces an element of competition whichmotivates some students to try harder. They also point to the fact thatif the top students are mixed with theweakest students, it makes teaching at the correct pace very difficult. Themost gifted students will find classes too easy while the bottom students will struggle.
以……为依据 on the basisof :
on a... basis这个词组在英语是十分惯用的，一般相当于将填入的形容词化为副词，已经没有什么“基础”的意思了。【例如】on atemporary basis 暂时地/ on a regular basis 正规地/ on a case-by-case basis 采取个案方式/ on an exclusive basis 采取独家方式/ on a first-come-first-serve basis采取先到先办的方式/ on an autodidactic basis 采取自学方式/ on a competitive basis 通过竞争/ on an urgent basis 以加急速度/ on a ceremonial basis 作为仪式/ Another version of this surgery can now be done on an outpatient basis. 这种外科手术现在还有另外一种以门诊方式进行的办法。basis还可以指“基本的状况或关系框架”。【例如】They had swum toa first-name basisafter the second round of drinks, and this was the fourth. 他们俩酒过两巡，就已经互相用名字称呼，而现在他们喝的已经是第四巡酒了。
But it is an important failing given that the Fed sets monetary policy, and the IMF gives countries advice, on the basis oftheir forecasts. （www.economist.com）
但鉴于美联储设立了货币规则，而国际货币基金组织根据自己的预测给众多国家建议，这肯定算是次严重失败。
替换表达：according to / based on
ona need-to-know basis
■Ifyou tell people something on a need-to-know basis, you only tell them the factstwww.58yuanyou.comhey need to know at the time they need to know them, and nothing more. 仅谈到别人需要知道的东西
2.能力择优meritocracy :
making the school selection process a meritocracy作introduces的主语，其中make为动词，the school selection process是宾语，a meritocracy为宾补。
词典释义：
meritocracy
UK[mer.'tk.r.si] US[-'t:.kr-] nouncountableoruncountable
■a social system or society inwhich people have power because of their abilities, not because of theirmoney or social position 精英领导体制；精英管理的社会
•The prime minister claims he wants to create a classless meritocracyin Britain.首相称他想在英国建立一个无阶级的精英治国社会。
外刊例句：
A meritocracysounds positively utopian. After all, what could be fairer than a society in which status is defined by achievement rather than hand-me-downs? Butthe reality is more complex. （www.theguardian.com）
精英社会听起来像是个积极的乌托邦式幻想。毕竟，还有什么社会形式比由成就而不是血统来决定社会地位的社会形式更公平了呢？然而，现实社会要复杂得多。
3.一些an element of :
AMOUNT数量an element of sth
ADVANCED
■a small amount ofan emotion or quality 少量；有点，有些
•There wascertainly an elementof truth in what she said.她说的话当然也有些是真的。
外刊例句：
Most elections have an element ofuncertaintyabout them. Not Russia's. This weekend, barring a miracle, Dmitry Medvedev,Vladimir Putin's handpicked successor, will win the Russian presidency by alandslide.（www.economist.com）
大多数选举都会有不确定因素，但俄罗斯的选举却截然不同。普京束手束脚的继承人梅德韦杰夫在本周将杜绝一切奇迹发生，以压倒性的优势胜选。
替换表达：a small amount of
WEATHER天气the elements[plural]
■the weather,usually bad weather 天气，（通常指）恶劣天气
•We decided to bravethe elementsand go for a walk (= go for a walk despite the badweather).我们决定冒着风雨去散步。
be in yourelement
■to be happybecause you are doing what you like or can do best 适得其所；得心应手
•Kate, of course,was in her element, making all the arrangements.凯特安排这一切当然是得心应手。
be out of yourelement
■to be unhappy andfeel uncomfortable in a particular situation 不得其所；不适应
4.吃力struggle :
strugglealong/through/out, etc.
■to move somewherewith great effort 沿…艰难行进／奋力通过／艰难地从…中挣扎出来等
•He struggledalong the rough road holding his son.他抱着儿子在崎岖不平的路上艰难行进。
•By this time he'dmanaged to struggleout of bed.此时他已经挣扎着下了床。
intransitiveinformal
■to be in dangerof failing or being defeated 有失败的危险，苦苦挣扎
•After the firsthalf, United were really strugglingat 1-3 down.上半场过后，联队1比3落后，形势危急。
Phrasal Verbsstruggle on
■to continuedealing with a difficult situation or to continue doing something difficult 竭力坚持下去，勉强维持
•When Bobbieleaves, we'll have to struggleon until we find a replacement.鲍比离开后，我们得努力坚持下去，直到找到接替他的人为止。
外刊例句：
One in four low-income households strugglesto eat regularly or healthily becauseof a lack of money, according to the first substantial survey into thescale of food insecurity in the UK. （www.theguardian.com）
据英国首次大规模居民食品保障调查显示，四分之一的低收入家庭因为缺乏钱财，难以就餐准时或吃得健康。
替换表达：find it difficult to catch up
Q：an element of一些，和some一些有什么区别呢？如何分辨其中的区别？ A：an element of后面一般接抽象内容，比如competition/truth等，some后面一般接具体内容，比如some students / schools 等。 Q：指出事实，是不是应该使用point out? 词典中 point to 的意思是指向，朝向，向某人指出。 A：point to the fact that…是一个常见说法，例如朗文词典例句：Other expertspoint to the fact thateven specialists are losing jobs. |
Those who support schools admitting students on the basis of their ability believe making the school selection process a meritocracy introduces an element of competition which motivates some students to try harder. [分析]本句是一个主谓宾结构，其主干为Those … believe (that)…，其中，主语部分为Those who support schools admitting students on the basis of their ability，这里who引导的定语从句修饰Those，在这个定语从句中，who为关系代词，作主语，指代those，谓语为support，宾语为schools admitting students on the basis of their ability，这是一个含有逻辑主语的现在分词短语。believe之后是一个省略了that的名词性从句，作believe的宾语。在这个宾语从句中，making the school selection process a meritocracy是主语，其中，the school selection process是making的宾语，a meritocracy是宾语的补足语，introduces是宾语从句中的谓语，an element of competition which motivates some students to try harder是宾语从句中的宾语，其中又包含了一个which 引导的定语从句，修饰competition。 |
第二句
在学生完全成熟之前就把他们分隔到不同学校是很不公平的。孩子们通常都没意识到努力学习的重要性，而且很多人处于一个困难的家庭环境中，在这种环境里面，努力学习是不被鼓励的。有些孩子在还没明白过来的情况下就发现自己已经不可避免地踏上了通往平庸的道路。
Segregating students into different schools before they are fully matureis very unfair. Children are oftenunaware oftheimportance of studying hard and many have adifficult home environmentwhere study is not encouraged. Some childrencould find themselvesirreversiblyon the road to mediocrity before they even know it.
1.将学生分隔到不同学校Segregating students into different schools :
segregate
■to keep one groupof people apart from another and treat them differently, especially because ofrace or sex （尤指基于种族或性别原因）隔离并差别对待
•a segregatedschool/society实行种族隔离的学校／社会
•Blacks were segregatedfromwhites in every area of life.在生活中的各方各面，黑人和白人被隔离开。
外刊例句：
Any new grammar schools will simply provide another mechanism alongsideprivate schooling to further segregatestudents depending on how much moneytheir parents have.（www.theguardian.com）
新的文法学校将仅仅是提供了另外一种与私人学校无异的机制，进一步按学生父母的财富来区分学生。
替换表达：separate somebody into
这些动词均有“分开，分离，隔离”之意。
isolate→ 侧重指完全分离、隔开，也指人或处于完全孤立的状态。
separate→ 指一般意义上的分开或隔开。
segregate→ 指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。
insulate→ 指隔开、分离，尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时，专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。
【IDIOMS】
◘on mature re'flection /conside'ration
•(formal) after thinking about sth carefully and for a long time
• 经过深思熟虑；经过审慎考虑
2.unaware与unawares
aware是形容词，unaware是它的反义词。由于aware除了少数特殊情况外一般要求后面有of短语、that从句或间接问句，unaware后面通常也要有of短语、that从句或间接问句。【例如】They were unaware of my presence. 他们不知道我就在那里。/ Parents are often unaware how much theirchildren know. 父母往往不知道自己孩子懂得多少。/ Former Ambassador to Croatia Peter Galbraith isclaiming President George W. Bush was unaware that there were two major sectsof Islam just two months before the President ordered troops to invade Iraq. 前驻克罗地亚大使彼得加尔布雷思声称，布什总统就在他下令出兵伊拉克前两个月还不知道伊斯兰教有两大派。参见aware条。
unawares比unaware多了末尾的一个s，就转为副词，意思也是“不晓得”，但是通常不必要用of，that之类的附加成分来补充其意义的空泛，光是它本身，就可以凭语境说明对什么“不晓得”。它通常同动词take或catch一起用，表示“给（某人）一个措手不及”。【例如】The earthquake took/ caught them unawares. 地震突如其来，他们措手不及。但是，也有用unaware作为宾补语，代替unawares的。
3.home environment是一个常用表达，含义是“家庭环境”。
▪the home/domestic/familyenvironment
A lot ofchildren suffer because of problems in their home environment.
Whether they have ADHD ornot, the bottom line is that your son and daughter-in-law need to findstrategies to cope with their own stress and their son's condition, by creatinga stable home environmentand enforcing set rules. （www.theguardian.com）
无论你的孙子有没有多动症，最重要的是，你的儿子和媳妇得找到方法去应对自己的压力和他们儿子的病情，比如创造一个稳定的家庭环境和履行好制定的规则。
替换表达：come from a deprivedbackground / have a difficult family environment
4.不可避免地irreversibly :
an irreversible change / decline/ decision
不可逆转的变化；不能挽救的衰落；不可撤回的决定
irreversible brain damage (= that will not improve)
无法治瘉的脑损伤
外刊例句：
The EU is irreversibly committed to privati//www.58yuanyou.comsation, welfare cuts, low wages and the erosion of trade union rights.（www.theguardian.com）
欧盟正不可避免地坚定进行私有化、福利削减、降低工资以及侵蚀工会的权利。
替换表达：unavoidably
5.处于通往平庸的道路on theroad tomediocrity :
mediocrity
■the quality of being not very good; a personwho is not very good at something 平庸；平庸之材
•A goal just before half-time rescued thematch from mediocrity.在半场快要结束时的一个进球使这场比赛没有流于平庸。
•These people are just mediocrities(= people who do not have much skill or ability at anything).这些人只是平庸之辈。
3网络课程一直被指责肤浅，和正规大学体验相比只是劣质的替代品。批评者指出盯着电脑屏幕根本不能和丰富的校园生活和活跃的课堂辩论相提并论。此外，有人指出这些课程的辍学率非常之高，在很多例子中高于90%。
Onlinecourses have beencondemned as shallowand a poorsubstitute fora properuniversity experience, with critics pointingout thatstaring at a computer screen can hardly compare to vibrant campus life orlively lecture hall debates. Ithas also been noted thatthe drop-outrate on these courses is extremely high, more than 90 in many cases.
1.被指责condemned as:
condemnIMPROVER
■to criticizesomething or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons （通常指出于道义而）谴责，指责
•The terroristaction has been condemnedasan act of barbarism andcowardice.人们谴责这一恐怖行径是野蛮和懦弱的行为。
•The film was condemnedforits sexism.这出电影被指责带有性别歧视。
Phrasal Verbscondemn sb 原由网to (do) sth判决，宣判（某人某种刑罚）
•She was condemnedto deathand executed two weeks later.她被宣判死刑，两星期后被处决。
•[often passive]They were condemnedto spend the rest of their lives in prison.他们被判终身监禁。
Phrasal Verbscondemn sb to sth使（某人）遭受；使（某人）处于（不幸的境地）
•Poor education condemnsmany young people to low-paid jobs.缺乏教育致使许多年轻人只能从事低收入的工作。
外刊例句：
She opened her article in a spirit of uncertainty: "I donot know whether pilgrimages to the shrines of famous men ought not to becondemned assentimentaljourneys," she opined.（www.theguardian.com）
我伴着不确定的心情开始了她的文章写作。她想:“我不知道，向名人的圣地出发的朝圣之旅应不应该被谴责为感伤旅行。”
替换表达：be criticized as
这些动词均含有“责备，非难”之意。
blame→ 普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
accuse→ 语气比blame强，本义为归罪，可用作指非难或谴责之义。
condemn→ 正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
scold→ 普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
denounce与condemn同义，但着重公开性。
reproach→ 侧重指因他人粗心、自私等引起不满而去指责、找岔。
rebuke→ 多指上级对下级进行的公开、强烈、严正而不宽容的责备。隐含一定权威的意味。
2.关于“肤浅”的翻译
这两个形容词均含“肤浅的，浅薄的”之意。
superficial→ 通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。
shallow→ 指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内容。
劣质的替代品a poor substitute for :
substitute forsth取代，代替
•Gas-fired powerstations will substitutefor less efficient coal-fired equipment.以煤气为燃料的发电站将会代替效率较低的燃煤装置。
there is nosubstitute for sth是无可替代的
•You can work fromplans of a garden, but there's no substitutefor visiting thesite yourself.你可以从花园的设计图入手，但最好还是亲自到实地看一看，仍是有必要的。
外刊例句：
To dismiss his view as a function of deficient patriotismis apoor substitute forrigorous rebuttal.（www.theguardian.com）
把他的观点谴责为缺乏爱国主义的产物，这不过是激烈反驳的糟糕替代品。
替换表达：a bad alternative for
substitute作为及物动词时，它的主语是掌握调动之权的人，直接宾语是“新官”，for后面的介词宾语是“旧官”。【例如】substitute sugar for honey以糖代蜜。但是有时候substitute可以作为不及物动词，它的主语可以是“新官”，仍然以for后面的介词宾语为被取代的“旧官”，掌握调动之权的人并不出现。【例如】A patent right holder may hold amarket-dominant position, but only so long as no competitor comes up with newtechnology that can substitute for the product protected by that patent. 一个专利权持有人可以拥有左右市场的地位，但条件必须是：对于该专利权所保护的产品，没有哪个竞争者拿得出能够取而代之的新工艺。
不过，substitute的主语如果是掌握调动之权的人，也可以“旧官”不出现，只出现“新官”（作为直接宾语）。【例如】The temptation to substitute in arisesfrom... (Wilson Follett, Modern American Usage, p. 224) 其所以有人情不自禁拿in来取代，原因是…
4.正规的proper :SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE可被社会接受的
■showing standardsof behaviour that are socially and morally acceptable 合乎体统的，规矩的
•[+ toinfinitive] In those days it was considered not quite properfor young ladies tobe seen talking to men in public.在那个年代，年轻女子被人看见在公共场合与男子谈话会被认为不成体统。
•She was very proper,my grandmother - she'd never go out without wearing her hat and gloves.我祖母非常讲究仪表——出门时总要戴上帽子和手套。
外刊例句：
Conservative in outlook and desperate to safeguard their owntraditions in difficult circumstances, the French universities areimpatient to winnow out the weak students as quickly as possible, thesooner to get on with the business of being properuniversities. （www.economist.com）
法国各大学在学校形象方面十分守旧，一心要在这困难环境下维持学校传统，因此它们总是快刀砍乱麻般筛除那些羸弱的学生，从而尽可能快速地回到关于如何恰当发展的事务中。
4.辍学率the drop-outrate :
外刊例句：
However, there is awide discrepancy between universities. At the University of the West of Scotland, thedrop-out ratewas 23%,while at London Metropolitan it was 16.6%.（www.theguardian.com）
然而，大学间存在着巨大差异。西苏格兰地区的大学的辍学率是23%，而伦敦市区的是16.6%。
Q：drop-out 和dropout都有辍学的意思，二者有什么区别呢？ A：两个意思是一样的，“辍学”可以写成dropout，也可以写成drop-out Q：被指责肤浅译文用的been condemned as shallow and a poor subsitute for a proper university experience,用的是condemn sth as sth？shallow这里是形容词呀，为甚么可以直接as+adj. A：这样用是没问题的，condemn something as something，其中第二个something可以是名词形式，也可以是形容词形式。例如《经济学人》例句：Condemned as backwardwhen it came out 40 years ago, “The Leopard” in fact foresaw rampant corruption in Italy and the rise of the Mafia. Q：请问这句话中online courses是复数，为什么用a poor substitute？谢谢！ A：主语和宾语并不一定要严格按照“复数-复数”的形式，“复数-单数”也可以，例如朗文例句：The government’s educational reforms are a disasterwaiting to happen. Q：是不是没有have been blamed for这样的用法呢，看了很多例句好像都是主动语态的，希望老师解答，谢谢。 A：something has been blamed for something这个用法没问题。例句剑桥词典例句：Human error has been blamed for the air crash. |
Online courses have been condemned as shallow and a poor substitute for a proper university experience, with critics pointing out that staring at a computer screen can hardly compare to vibrant campus life or lively lecture hall debates. [分析]本句是一个被动句，主语是Online courses，谓语是have been condemned，其后as shallow and a poor substitute for a proper university experience是主语补足语，对Online courses的特点进行说明，一是shallow，二是a poor substitute for a proper university experience。逗号之后是一个独立主格结构，构成形式是“介词+名词+现在分词”，作伴随状语，这里that引导一个名词性从句，作pointing out的宾语，在该宾语从句中，staring at a computer screen是主语，can hardly compare是谓语，to vibrant campus life or lively lecture hall debates是状语，表明作比的对象。 |
4.全球顶级大学收的学费远超大多数人的承受能力，这意味着主要是富人家的孩子得到最好的教育。这会严重伤害社会流动性。
Theworld's top universities charge fees wellbeyond the means of most people, meaning that it is mainly the children ofthe wealthy that get the best education. This strikes a blow against social mobility
超出……的承受能力well beyond the means of :
外刊例句：
Yet the growing demand for sustainability certifications,which require a level of investment beyond the means ofpoor communities, frequentlyputs high-end markets out of reach.（www.theguardian.com）
然而，对于可持续性的证书需求日益增长，而这些证书所需的投资规模远超出贫困社区的可承受财力范围，这就导致了高端市场变得触不可及。
替换表达：out of one’s price range
bemeant for each other
■Ifyou say two people are meant for each other, you think they suit each other asromantic partners. 天造地设，是天生的一对
no meanachievement/feat
■a greatachievement 了不起的成就，不是容易的事
•Getting the jobfinished on time was no meanachievement.按时完成这项工作可真是不简单。
2.严重伤害 strikesa blow against :
strike a blow against/at sth
■to do something which harms something severely 严重伤害，沉重打击
•Her resignation has struck a blow against the company's plans forexpansion.她的辞职对于公司的扩张计划是个沉重的打击。
David Moyes yesterday drew the battle lines for the FA Cupfinal, describing his Everton side's game at Chelsea as an opportunity for oneof the Premier League's everyman clubs to strike a blow againstthe wealthy elite. （www.theguardian.com）
大卫莫耶斯在昨天拉开了英格兰联赛杯的战线，把他执教的埃弗顿和切尔西的比赛描述为英超普通球队迎头痛击富裕精英球队的机会。
替换表达：severely harm something
blowsb's cover
■tomake known secret information about who someone is or what they are doing 暴露（某人的）身份；揭发（某人的）秘密活动
blow sth/sb outof the water
■to destroy ordefeat something or someone completely 以压倒性姿态战胜…；彻底击垮…
•They came to courtwith fresh evidence that would, they said, blowthe prosecution'scase completely out of the water.他们为法庭带来新的证据，又说这些证据可以彻底推翻指控。
Phrasal Verbs[M] blow sb outinformal
■to disappointsomeone by not meeting them or not doing something that you had arranged to dowith them 失约于（某人）；放（某人）的鸽子
•She was supposedto go to that party with me, but she blew me out.她本该与我一起去那个聚会的，可是她失约了。
社会流动性social mobility:
social/ geographical / career mobility
社会地位/区域/职业流动性
外刊例句：
Given that socialmobilityrates areimmutable, it is better to reduce the gains people make from having highstatus, and the penalties from low status. （www.theguardian.com）
鉴于社会流动率已难以改变，（政府）最好减少上层人士通过社会地位获得的收入，同时减少下层人民因为低下地位而受到的惩罚。
Q：老师，请问可以用liquidity代替mobility吗？ A：不可以，social mobility是一个固定说法，不能写成social liquidity Q：柯林斯词典中“strike a blow”的解释是“支持；拥护；为…而战；If you strike a blow for a particular cause or principle, you do something that supports it or makes it more likely to succeed.”请问老师这个词到底该如何理解？ A：strike a blow for somebody/something含义是“维护某人/某事物”，strike a blow at / against / to something 含义是“对……造成沉重打击”，注意strike a blow后面介词的使用。 |
The world's top universities charge fees well beyond the means of most people, meaning that it is mainly the children of the wealthy that get the best e//www.58yuanyou.comducation. [分析]本句是一个主谓宾结构，其主干为The world's top universities charge fees，其后的介词短语well beyond the means of most people作定语修饰fees，这一介词短语也可看作一个省略了关系词和助动词be的定语从句，即(which are) well beyond the means of most people。逗号之后的部分是现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明学费之高的影响，其中包含一个that引导的名词性从句，作meaning的宾语，该宾语从句是一个强调结构，对主语进行强调。 |
