托福10分钟模拟测试卷评估与诊断试卷
超级学长专用
（答案与题目分析）
一． 词汇识别
1. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, and it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.
The world “peak” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) mountain (B)summit (C)pointed 原由网(D)raised
(答案选择B，此题分值为3分)
2. Advocates of organic food---a term whose meaning varies greatly---frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
The world “advocates” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A)inspectors (B)naysayers (C)proponents (D)beneficiary
(答案选择C，此题分值为3分)
3. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in theSivEeTWm nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions.
The world “magnify” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A)examplify (B)signify (C)amplify (D)justify
(答案选择c，此题分值为2分)
4. A dog's sense of smell is keener than that of a human being.
The world “keener” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) more interesting (B) more acute (C) more appropriate (D) more useful
(答案选择B，此题分值为2分)
5. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.
The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift
(答案选择A，此题分值为1分)
6. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control law.
The world “stringent” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) straightforward (B) strict (C) expanded (D) flexible
(答案选择B，此题分值为1分)
7. Only by ignoring decades of mismanagement and inefficiency could investors conclude that a fresh infusion of cash would provide anything other than a_________solution to the company’s financial woes.
Which TWO choices are closest in meaning in the blank?
(A) complete (B) fleeting (C) momentary (D)premature (E) trivial
(F) total
(答案选择BC，答对一个选项得1分，两个都选对得2分)
题目设置与评分说明
词汇题第一部分
1-7题，以近义词和形近词为考点，通过词汇在句子里的含义，考查学生的词汇量基础。
1-2题为0-50词汇，3-4题为50-70词汇，5-6题为70-90词汇，第7题为90-105词汇，且需要学生具备一定逻辑推理能力。
学生在该部分得分0-6分，说明学生词汇量仅仅在3000以下；
若学生在该部分得分7-9分，说明学生的词汇量在3000-5000之间；
若学生在该部分得分10-12分以上，说明学生的词汇量在5000-7000左右；
若学生在该部分得分为13分，则说明学生的词汇量在7000以上。
二．词汇使用
8. He was convinced that if property taxes would have________(rise)any higher, he would have to move to a different state.
Use the most appropriate verb form to fill the blank
(答案为risen，除此以为的任何形式都是错误的，此题为1分)
9. After the grueling rehearsal, the pianist felt_______(wear) out and wanted only to sleep.
Use the most appropriate verb form to fill the blank
(答案为worn，除此以为的任何形式都是错误的，此题为1分)
10.______________(从传统上说), children have ______________(begin/study) foreign languages at secondary school , but ______________(引入)them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This_________(政策)has been________(采取)by some educational authorities or _________(个别)schools, with both positive and negative _________(结果/注：请写出两个表示结果的名词) .
Use the most appropriate translation and verb form to fill the blank
(traditionally，此题为1分，除了答案以外的词一律不给分；begun studying，此题为2分，除了答案以外的词一律不给分；introducing，此题为1分，除了答案以外的词一律不给分；policy，此题1分，除了答案以外的词一律不给分；adopted，此题为1分，除了答案以外的词一律不给分；individual此题1分，除了答案以外的词一律不给分；results和outcomes，两个都答全才得1分，除了答案以外的词一律不给分，少了s也不给分。)
题目设置与评分说明
（词汇题第二部分）
8-10题，通过对单词的使用规则，包括动词的不规则改变等，考查学生是否能准确和灵活使用记忆的词汇，而这部分是写作和口语的基础。
8-9题，考查的是动词的不规则改变，若学生错误，说明学生的基础非常有问题，如果是大学生，则说明，该学生的高中语法基础已经遗忘，要告诫学生不要好高骛远，必须万丈高楼平地起；若是高中生，则说明学生平常上课没有踏实记忆所学知识，学习态度要端正。
第10题对词汇考查的综合性较强，如果学的得分是在0-5分，则说明该学生，无法准确掌握口语和写作表达需要用的词汇，那么会影响准确的表达，甚至引起歧义。要建议学生，多记忆例句，而不是单纯只看中文意思；
5-7分，说明学生基础不错，要多看正宗原版的英文材料，吸取灵活的表达固定词组和句型；
7分以上，说明学生词汇掌握比较好。
三. 语法改错
1. The Navajo code talker, recruited by(A) the United States Marine Corps during the Second World War, they designed(B) a secret code that was(C) used to transmit(D) military messages.
Which choice is the mistaken one?
(答案A，分值3分)
2. While Sylvia is justifiably proud of (A)the award that she won(B) for placing first in the science contest, but Carol(C) should not feel disappointed about (D) talking second prize.
Which choice is the mistaken one?
(答案C，分值3分)
3. Traffic was heavy, so by the time Wallach got to(A) the station, John waited (B)for 2 hours, missing(C) at least (D)five buses.
Which choice is the mistaken one?
(答案B，分值2分)
4. The intricately carved details on(A) the pillars that support the balcony is(B) even more(C) beautiful than the balcony itself(D).
Which choice is the mistaken one?
(答案B，分值2分)
5. Though Rivers had done all(A) the work, Peters had taken all the credits(B), and so he held him(C) in contempt(D).
Which choice is the mistaken one?
(答案C，分值2分)
6. Poets during the Romantic period felt more freely(A) to express(B) emotions in their writing(C) than did(D) poets of the Victorian period.
Which choice is the mistaken one?
(答案A，分值2分)
题目设置与评分说明
（语法题第二部分）
第1题和第2题分别考查的是句子的完整性，错误的原因是缺少谓语；考查的是连词使用过多，也是一另一个构成句子的基本法则。
这是非常基础，非常重要的语法知识，会影响听力、阅读、写作和口语表达，如果学生做错，说明语法基础很不扎实，会导致写作低于20分；
第3题和第4题，分别考查的是句子的谓语动词，一个是时态，一个是主谓一致；第5题和第6题，分别考查代词和主系表结构。
这几个个点都是在写作和口语里要非常注意的问题，如果学生答错，说明学生还没有对这两点有深刻的认知，常常导致学生的写作和口语停留在一个固定的分数比如写作21分和口语18-20分，无法突破实现成绩的大飞跃。
四.语法改进
7.Lorena Ochoa has been recognized not only as a champion golfer but also being a humanitarian, having created a foundation to support young people in Mexico.
(A) but also being
(B) but also as
(C) she also is
(D) also that she is
(E) and also as
Which one provide the most accurate grammatical structure?
(答案选择B,分值4，考查并列句)
8.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was a descendant of John and Priscilla Alden, whose romance he celebrated in the narrative poem The Courtship of Miles Standish.
(A)whose romance he celebrated
(B)he celebrated their romance
(C)their romance was celebrated by him
(D)it was their romance he celebrates
(E)having celebrated their romance
Which one provide the most accurate grammatical structure?
(答案选择A，分值4，考查定语从句)
9.In some places the sea is unusually rich in nutrients, tiny plants multiply there, turning the water green.
(A)In some places the sea is unusually rich in nutrients, tiny plants multiply there
(B)Where the sea is unusually rich in nutrients, tiny pl原由网ants multiply
(C)The unusual nutritional richness of the sea in some places multiplying tiny plants
(D)Unusually rich in nutrients in some places, where tiny plants multiply in parts of the sea
(E) Tiny plants multiplying in the unusual nutritional richness of the sea
Which one provide the most accurate grammatical structure?
(答案选择B，分值4，考查状语从句)
10.Collector Hans Sloane donated all his collections to the British Museum with the goal being to arouse greater public interest in history.
(A)with the goal being to arouse
(B)and the goal was to arouse
(C)to arouse
(D)therefore to arouse
(E)he aroused
Which one provide the most accurate grammatical structure?
(答案选择C,分值4，考查句子的简洁性)
语法部分总体得分在0-12之间的，基本的语法规律不仅仅是记忆，特别是在灵活运用是有很大问题，会影响对托福考试的听说读写都有根本的影响。建议学生要补习语法基础，多做语法练习题，造句练习；
语法部分总体得分在13-23之间的，能够在比较复杂的句子中，较灵活运用语法知识。但在具体的写作和口语的运用上，可能存在不能灵活运用高级句型，比如并列句和主从复合句的问题。建议学生多练习长难句的翻译练习；
语法部分总体得分在24分以上的，语法功底不错，但要注意把语法体系系统的整理一遍，清楚不明白或者遗忘的知识“死角”；
五．句子简化题
1. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
(A)Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.
(B)The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.
(C)Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.
(D)By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.
(答案C，分值3分)
2. The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
(A)Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
(B)Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
(C)The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
(D)Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
(答案A，分值3分)
3. According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
(A) It is the conventional theory that when people are bored or sleepy, they often experience a drop in blood oxygen levels due to their shallow breathing.
(B) The conventional theory is that people yawn when bored or sleepy because yawning raises blood oxygen levwww.58yuanyou.comels, which in turn raises alertness.
(C) According to conventional theory, yawning is more likely to occur when people are bored or sleepy than when they are alert and breathing deeply.
(D)Yawning according to the conventional theory, is caused by boredom or lack of sleep and can be avoided through deeper breathing.
(答案选B，分值2分)
4. In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
(A) Many Roman soldiers remained in Britain after conquering it, and their presence had a strong influence.
(B) The new Roman province of Britain seemed to awaken in the first century A.D. as the local economy improved.
(C)Camps, fortifications, and economic change contributed to the Roman coquest of Britain.
(D)With the conquest of Britain by Roman troops, the Roman Empire gained considerable economic strength.
(答案选A分值2分)
5. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to overgeneralize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
(A)Researchers using observational assessment techniques on infants must not over generalize and must base their conclusions on data from many studies.
(B)On the basis of the data from one or two studies, it seems that some infants develop a particular perceptual ability not observed in others.
(C)To use data from one or two studies on infant's perceptual abilities, it is necessary to use techniques that will provide conclusive evidence.
(D)When researchers fail to make generalizations from their studies, their observed data is often inconclusive.
(答案选A分值2分)
题目设置与评分说明
（句子简化题）
得分在0-4分之间，说明语法当中的句法，特别是句子的构成，主谓宾定状补表无法辨别清楚，会严重制约阅读的提分。需要补充语法基础，多做长难句划分句子成分的练习；
得分在6-8分之间，说明语法结构不错，但存在漏洞，偶尔有个别长难句无法理解，特别是无法把握句与句之间的逻辑结构。需要对语法进行查缺补漏，做完阅读题之后，应该要精读文章的每句话。
六．短文阅读
Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
1. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?
(A)It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
(B)It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
(C)It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.
(D)It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.
(答案选B，分值3分)
2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
(A)It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
(B)There were great numbers of them.
(C)They lived in the sea only.
(D)They did not leave many fossil remains.
(答案选A，分值2分)
Paragraph 3: The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
3. Pakicetus and modern cetaceans have similar
(A)hearing structures
(B)adaptations for diving
(C)skull shapes
(D)breeding locations
(答案选C，分值4分)
4. The word “It” in the passage refers to
(A)Pakicetus
(B)fish
(C)life
(D)ocean
(答案选A，分值4分)
Paragraph 4: Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
5. The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus
(A)lived later than Ambulocetus natans
(B)lived at the same time as Pakicetus
(C)was able to swim well
(D)could not have walked on land
（答案选D，分值4分）
6. It can be inferred原由网 that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following locations
(A)On land
(B)Both on land and at sea
(C)In shallow water
(D)n a marine environment
（答案选D，分值3分）
题目设置与评分说明
（段落阅读）
得分在0-11分之间，阅读能力较弱，主要存在的问题：词汇量匮乏，语法基础不佳导致长难句阅读困难，直接理解句子要传达的核心意义。建议熟记70-90托福阶段的词汇，练习划分句子结构，基础打牢了之后；再熟悉托福阅读各类题型和答题方法；最后，再是多做TPO真题。
得分在12-26分之间，阅读能力中等，主要存在的问题：词汇量和语法基础不足以支持复杂的句子理解，特别是无法再复杂的句子中准确找到定位词和判断词，导致对阅读的细节无法完全理解。建议熟悉托福阅读各类题型和答题方法；然后，再是多做TPO真题。
26分以上，阅读能力较好。注意仔细审题。
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