同近义词辨析
16
admit of, allow of, permit of
(1) admit of意为“容许有……；有……余地”，通常以事物为主语，特别是抽象名词，作“有……余地”解时，一般用于否定句。
This sentence admits of several interpretations.
这个句子可以有多种解释。
The situation in the flood-stricken area admits of no delay.
洪涝灾区的情况不容拖延。
The evidence cannot admit of doubt/dispute/denial.
证据不容置疑/争议/否定。
(2) allow of与admit of同义。
The law is so worded as not to allow/admit of any misunderstanding.
这项法律的措辞不容有任何误解的余地。
These facts allow of no other explanation.
这些事实没有做其他解释的余地。
(3) permit of也可表示“有……余地；容许有……”的意思，只是比较书面化，与admit of, allow of可以换用。
The young man's honesty permits/admits/allows of no doubt.
这位年轻人的诚实是不容置疑的。
His income permits/allows of no extravagance in his way of living.
他的收入不容许他过那种挥霍的生活。
17
「装饰」
(1) adorn with, bedeck with, deck with意思均是“装饰、打扮(人或物)”。
He likes to show his wealth by adorning his wife with jewels.
他喜欢把妻子打扮得珠光宝气来摆阔。
The temple was adorned with valuable paintings, gold statues, and other precious objects. 寺庙装饰有珍贵绘画、黄金雕像及其他贵重物品。
The Christmas tree was decked with flowers made of golden paper.
圣诞树装饰着金色的纸花。
(2) decorate with表示：①用……装饰；美化(房屋等)；②授予(奖章、勋章等)。
At Christmas we decorate the living room with colored paper and lights.
圣诞节我们用彩纸和彩灯装饰起居室。
The general was decorated with the Military Cross in recognition of his defeating the enemy. 这位将军被授予十字勋章以表彰他打败敌人的功绩。
(3) festoon with是“用……装饰(房间等)”，常用被动式。
The room was festooned with colorful paper chains.
房间装饰着色彩鲜艳的纸花链。
(4) ornament with是“用……装饰(某物)”。
At Christmas time we ornament the living room with lights and colored balloons. 圣诞节时，我们用很多灯和彩色气球装饰起居室。
18
adventure, venture
两个词都有“冒险(活动)” 的意思：
(1) adventure指有危险的、刺激人心的经历，是“惊险的事，有危险的事”，有时表示“令人兴奋的事”。
He told us about his adventures in the Antarctic.
他向我们讲述了他在南极的冒险经历。
These pleasant adventures on the plain were suddenly put a stop to by the war. 在这片平原上发生的愉快的、令人兴奋的事情突然间被这场战争打断了。
The three-day trip 原由网to Lushan was an adventure for both of us.
庐山三日游对我们俩都是一件令人兴奋的事。
(2) venture多指在工商业等方面的冒险、投资活动，特别指不是发大财就是输光、成败难测的投机冒险活动或事业。
He made the start of his fortune by buying shares in several ventures that were thought to be risky.他通过购买几种被认为风险很大的股票开始发迹。
Her only venture as a writer ended in failure, no one would print her book.
她当作家的唯一尝试以失败告终，没有人肯出版她的书。
I can assure you that speculating in housing at present will be a profitable venture. 我可以向你保证，目前做住房投机买卖会是一桩有利可图之事。
19
affect, effect, influence
(1) affect 和effect是两个容易混淆的词。
①affect用作动词，意思是“(在某方面) 引起变化”，“影响”(have an effect on)，特别指在坏的方面产生影响。
The cold weather affected everybody's work.
寒冷的天气影响了每个人的工作。
His work has affected his health; he isn't very well.
工作影响了他的健康；他的身体不是很好。
②affect还可表示引起烦恼、生气、爱等感情或疾病袭扰、感染。
She was deeply affected by the news of his death.
他的原由网死讯使她深受影响。
Will the changes in taxation affect you personally?
税法的变动会影响到你个人吗？
In France alone, more than a million people are affected with some forms of mental ailment. 仅在法国，就有100万以上的人患有某种形式的精神病。
(2) ①effect用作名词，意为“效果，作用，影响”，常用于“have an effect on”短语中，意思是“使……发生变化；对……产生影响”。
His meeting with Stravinsky had a great effect on his musical development.
他同史特拉芬斯基的会见对他的音乐发展产生了很大影响。
这里，have an effect on与affect同义。
Our persuasion had no effect on him, he insisted on getting/going/having his own way.
我们的劝说对他没起作用，他坚持按自己的意愿行事/依然我行我素。
②effect还用于be in effect(有效nWbNkuM，生效)，come/go into effect(生效), take effect(生效)，bring/carry/put into effect(使生效，实现) 等短语。
The coach says that players must be in bed by midnight; and that rule is in effect tonight. 教练说，运动员必须在午夜前就寝，这一规定今晚生效。
A new system of taxation will come/go/be put/be brought/be carried into effect next May. 新税制将于明年5月生效。
③effect作动词用，意为“产生，引起(bring about)；实现，完成(accomplish)”。
We are determined to effect our plan/purpose by any means available.
我们决心采取一切可能的方法实现我们的计划/目的。
He assured them that he would not have the slightest difficulty in effecting a quick sale. 他向他们保证，在实现促销方面他不会有丝毫困难。
(3) ①influence意为“影响”，可指好的影响，也可指坏的影响，较affect语气强。
One's health influences one's behavior. 一个人的健康影响一个人的行为。
Don't let me influence your decision. 不要让我影响了你的决定。
These principles powerfully influenced the course of the revolution.
这些原则有力地影响了革命的进程。
②influence有时接“宾语+不定式”复合结构，意为“促使，劝说”。
Great importance is attached in that factory to influencing workers to produce more goods by praising them and bettering their working conditions.
那个工厂非常重视通过表扬和改善工作条件来促使工人生产更多产品。
Her husband influenced her towww.58yuanyou.com accept the job.
她丈夫劝说她接受这项工作。
20
afraid, fear
(1)原由网 在非正式英语中，be afraid (of)要比fear更常见。
Don't be afraid, child.不要怕，孩子。
Are you afraid of the darkness? 你害怕黑暗吗？
(2) I'm afraid 往往指“很抱歉，对不起，恐怕是……”，用于抱歉性的拒绝或透露坏消息等。
I'm afraid I can't help you. 我怕不能帮助你。
I'm afraid your wife's had an accident. 恐怕是你的妻子出了事故。
(3) I'm afraid not 和I'm afraid so常用于答话中。
A: Can you lend me 10 pounds? 你能借给我10英镑吗？
B: I'm afraid not. 我怕是不能。
A: It's going to rain. 要下雨了。
B: Yes, I'm afraid so. 是，怕是要下了。
(4) 通常在afraid前不用very，但可用very much，特别是在I'm afraid作“很抱歉，对不起(I'm sorry)”解时。
I'm very much afraid he's out. 很抱歉，他外出了。
(5) ①be afraid of doing, be afraid to do两个短语有时差别不大。
I'm afraid to tell her/of telling her about it. 这件事我不敢告诉她。
②但当说及意外发生或不想或无法选择的事情时，只能用of doing的形式。
I'm afraid of falling into the swimming pool. 我害怕掉进游泳池里。
She was afraid of waking her husband (She didn't want to wake him).
她担心吵醒了她丈夫。
③用不定式时有时意为“担心，不敢”。
She was afraid to wake her husband (She feared that he might be angry with her). 她不敢弄醒她丈夫。
She was afraid to be seen speaking to him. 她担心跟他讲话会被人看见。
Don't be afraid to ask for my help. 不要害怕向我求助(尽管向我求助)。
人生能有几回博
此时不博何时博
