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距离2022北京冬奥会越来越近了，网友们都在思考：运动员参加冬奥会吃什么？
今天，答案来了。
央视新闻公布了冬奥会期间运动员们的菜单，整整678道菜！
（注意，本文含有大量中国传统文化素材，英语高分必学）
可以说，上学这么多年，纵横学校南北食堂，我也没见过这么多菜品。
Chinese hospitality will be fully enjoyed by global athletes at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics as the Games are providing 678 dishes to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds with elements of the Chinese Lunar New Year and environmental protection highlighted to maximize the dietary experience of global athletes.
The menu, which has 678 dishes from 12 global regions, was released on Saturday by the China Central Television (CCTV) in a program together with the Beijing Organizing Committee.
一起来看看都有哪些菜吧～
部分菜单
看完菜单，羡慕的泪水不争气地从嘴角流了下来。
据说，由于胡椒属于食源性兴奋剂，所以不会出现在冬奥会运动员的菜单里。香叶等48种厨房常见原料也不能出现。
A total of 48 commonly used spices such as pepper and bay leaves will be left out of the meals to avoid false positives on doping tests, according to Yang Chen, chef of the Yanqing Village, one of three competition areas for the Winter Olympics.
我们从央视视频中可以看到，所有菜品的菜单都是中英双语。
那么问题来了，把中国菜翻译成英文必须遵守哪些规则？
菜肴名词翻译原则
一. 以主料为主，配料或配汁为辅的翻译原则
1.菜肴的主料和配料
主料(名称/形状)+with+配料
如：松仁香菇 Chinese Mushrooms with Pine Nuts
2.菜肴的主料和配汁
主料 with /in+汤汁(Sauce)
如：冰梅凉瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce
二. 以烹制方法为主，原料为辅的翻译原则
1.菜肴的做法和主料
做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)
如：拌双耳Tossed Black and White Fungus
2.菜肴的做法、主料和配料
做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)+配料
如：豌豆辣牛肉Sauted Spicy Beef and Green Peas
3.菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁
做法(动词过去分词) + 主料(名称/形状)+with /in+汤汁
如：川北凉粉Tossed Clear Noodles with Chili Sauce
三. 以形状、口感为主，原料为辅的翻译原则
1.菜肴形状或口感以及主配料
形状/口感 + 主料
如：玉兔馒头Rabbit-Shaped Mantou
脆皮鸡Crispy Chicken
2.菜肴的做法、形状或口感、做法以及主配料
做法(动词过去分词)+ 形状/口感 + 主料 + 配料
如：小原由网炒黑山羊Sauted Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley
四. 以人名、地名为主，原料为辅的翻译原则
1.菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料
人名(地名)+ 主料
如：麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu (Sauted Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)
广东点心Cantonese Dim Sum
2.介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、主配料及做法
做法(动词过去式)+ 主辅料 + 人名/地名 + Style
如：四川辣子鸡 Spicy Chicken, Sichuan Style
北京炸酱面Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style
五. 体现中国餐饮文化，使用汉语拼音命名或音译的翻译原则
1.具有中国特色且被外国人接受的传统食品，本着推广汉语及中国餐饮文化的原则，使用汉语拼音。
如：饺子 Jiaozi
包子 Baozi
馒头 Mantou
花卷 Huajuan
烧麦 Shaomai
2.具有中国特色且已被国外主要英文字典收录的，使用汉语方言拼写或音译拼写的菜名，仍保留其原拼写方式。
如：豆腐 Tofu
宫保鸡丁 Kung Pao Chicken
馄饨 Wonton
3. 中文菜肴名称无法体现其做法及主配料的，使用汉语拼音，并在后标注英文注释。
如：佛跳墙 Fotiaoqiang (Steamed Abalone with Shark's Fin and Fish Maw in Broth)
锅贴 Guotie (Pan-Fried Dumplings)
窝头 Wotou (Steamed Corn/Black Rice Bun)
蒸饺 Steamed Jiaozi (Steamed Dumplings)
油条 Youtiao (Deep-Fried Dough Sticks)
汤圆 Tangyuan (Glutinous Rice Balls)
粽子 Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves)
元宵 Yuanxiao (Glutinous Rice Balls for Lantern Festival)
驴打滚儿 Ldagunr (Glutinous Rice Rolls Stuffed with Red Bean Paste)
豆汁儿 Douzhir (Fermented Bean Drink)
艾窝窝 Aiwowo (Steamed Rice Cakes with Sweet Stuffing)
六. 可数名词单复数使用原则
菜单中的可数名词基本使用复数，但在整道菜中只有一件或太细碎无法数清的用单数。
如：蔬菜面 Noodles with Vegetables
葱爆羊肉 Sauted Lamb Slices with Scallion
七.介词in和with在汤汁、配料中的用法
1.如主料是浸在汤汁或配料中时，使用in连接。
如：豉汁牛仔骨 Steamed Beef Ribs in Black Bean Sauce
2.如汤汁或蘸料和主料是分开的，或是后浇在主菜上的，则用with连接。
如：泡椒鸭丝 Shredded Duck with Pickled Peppers
100道中国美食的英语翻译
1.螺蛳粉Snail Rice-flour Noodles
2.桂林米粉Guilin Rice Noodles
3.酸辣粉Hot and Sour Rice Noodles
4.鸭血粉丝汤 Duck Blood Soup with Vermicelli
5.凉皮Cold Rice Noodles
6.红油抄手 Wonton Soup in Hot and Spicy Sauce
7.麻辣烫 Malatang
8.羊肉泡馍 Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup
9.豆腐脑 Tofu Pudding
10.烤冷面 Grilled Cold Noodles
11.沙县小吃 Shaxian Snacks
12.麻辣小龙虾 Spicy Crayfish
13.正宗街边烤串 Proper Street Kebabs
14.羊肉串 Lamb Kebabs with Cumin
15.铁板鱿鱼 Teppanyaki Squid
16.臭豆腐Stinky Tofu
17.哈尔滨红肠 Harbin Red Sausage
18.生煎包 Pan-Fried Baozi Stuffed with原由网 Pork
19.豆沙包 Baozi Stuffed with Red Bean Paste
20.奶黄包 Baozi Stuffed with //www.58yuanyou.comCreamy Custard
21.叉烧包 Baozi Stuffed with BBQ Pork
22.小笼汤包 Baozi Stuffed with Juicy Pork
23.川北凉粉 Tossed Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce
24.夫妻肺片 Couple's Sliced Beef in Chili Sauce
25.皮蛋豆腐 Tofu with Preserved Eggs
26.桂花糯米藕 Steamed Lotus Root Stuffed with Glutinous Rice
27.酸辣蕨根粉Hot and Sour Fern Root Noodles
28.大拉皮 Tossed Mung Clear Noodles in Sauce
29.酱牛肉 Beef in Brown Sauce
30.口水鸡Steamed Chicken with Chili Sauce
31.白切鸡 Sliced Boiled Chicken
32.糖蒜 Pickled Sweet Garlic
33.蜜汁叉烧Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork
34.梅菜扣肉Steamed Pork with Preserved Vegetable
35.京酱肉丝 Sauted Shredded Pork in Sweet Bean Sauce
36.北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck
37.糖醋排骨Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs
38.鱼香肉丝Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork
39.四喜丸子 Braised Pork Balls in Gravy Sauce
40.回锅肉 Sauted Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili
41.猪肉炖粉条Braised Pork with Vermicelli
42.馋嘴蛙 Sauted Bullfrog in Chili Sauce
43.涮羊肉 Hot Pot, Mongolian Style
44.羊蝎子 Lamb Spine Hot Pot
45.德州扒鸡 Braised Chicken, Dezhou Style
46.四川辣子鸡 Sauted Diced Chicken with Chili Pepper, Sichuan Style
47.叫花鸡 Beggar's Chicken
48.盐焗鸡Salt Baked Chicken
49.宫保鸡丁Kung Pao Chicken
50.大闸蟹 Hairy Crab
51.醉蟹 Liquor-Soaked Crabs
52.臭鳜鱼 Smelly Mandarin Fish
53.水煮鱼 Sliced Fish in Hot Chili Oil
54.西红柿炒蛋Scrambled Eggs with Tomato
55.鸡蛋羹 Steamed Egg Custard
56.麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu
57.开水白菜 Chinese Cabbage in Soup
58.蚝油生菜Sauted Lettuce in Oyster Sauce
59.松仁玉米Sauted Sweet Corn with Pine Nuts
60.素什锦 Sauted Assorted Vegetables
61.地三鲜 Sauted Potato, Green Pepper and Eggplant
62.蛋炒饭Stir-Fried Rice with Egg
63.卤肉饭 Rice with Stewed Pork
64.皮蛋瘦肉粥 Congee with Minced Pork and Preserved Egg
65.小米粥 Millet Congee
66.腊八粥 Congee with Nuts and Dried Fruits
67.馄饨面 Wonton and Noodles
68.重庆小面 Chongqing Spicy Noodles
69.刀削面 Sliced Noodles
70.阳春面 Plain Noodle Soup
71.牛肉拉面Hand-Pulled Noodle Soup with Beef
72.葱油拌面 Noodles in Scallion, Oil and Soy Sauce
73.担担面 Noodles in Chili Sauce, Sichuan Style
74.凉面 Cold NkqIgWpSWoodles with Sesame Sauce
75.干炒牛河Stir-Fried Rice Noodles with Beef
76.葱油饼Baked Scallion Pancake
77.疙瘩汤 Dough Drop and Assorted Vegetable Soup
78.烧仙草 Grass Jelly
79.双皮奶 Milk Custard
80.蛋黄酥 Egg-Yolk Puff
81.刨冰 Water-lce
82.醪糟汤圆 Tangyuan in Fermented Glutinous Rice Soup
83.杏仁豆腐 Almond Jelly
84.杨枝甘露Chilled Mango Sago Cream with Pomelo
85.冰糖葫芦 Bingtanghulu
86.麻薯 Fried Glutinous Rice Cake Stuffed with Bean Paste
87.糯米糍 Glutinous Rice Balls
88.奶茶 Milk Tea
89.西湖龙井 Xihu Longjing Tea
90.碧螺春 Biluochun Tea
91.茉莉花茶 Jasmine Tea
92.铁观音 Tieguanyin Tea
93.普洱 Pu'er Tea
94.大红袍 Dahongpao Tea
95.菊花茶Chrysanthemum Tea
96.台湾冻顶乌龙Taiwan Dongding Oolong Tea
97.红茶 Black Tea
98.绿茶Green Tea
99.二锅头 Erguotou
100.女儿红 Nu'er Hong
中国菜美食的分类
1. 八大菜系 Eight Famous Cuisines
鲁菜Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)
川菜Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
粤菜 Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
闽菜 Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
苏菜 Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
浙菜Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
湘菜 Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
徽菜Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)
2. 菜品分类 Types of Courses
凉菜类 Cold Dishes
热菜类 Hot Dishes
汤羹粥煲类 Soups, Congees and Casseroles
主食和小吃 Main Food and Snacks
【主食汤类】
烧饼Clay oven rolls
油条 Fried bread stick
韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings
水饺Boiled dumplings
蒸饺 Steamed dumplings
馒头 Steamed buns
割包 Steamed sandwich
饭团 Ricwww.58yuanyou.come and vegetable roll
蛋饼 Egg cakes
皮蛋100-year egg
咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg
豆浆 Soybean milk
饭类稀饭 Rice porridge
白饭 Plain white rice
油饭Glutinous oil rice
糯米饭Glutinous rice
卤肉饭Braised pork rice
蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee
客饭curry rice
咖喱饭fried rice
炒饭 plain rice
白饭crispy rice
面类馄饨面 Wonton & noodles
刀削面Sliced noodles
麻辣面Spicy hot noodles
麻酱面 Sesame paste noodles
鴨肉面 Duck with noodles
鱔魚面 Eel noodles
乌龙面 Seafood noodles
榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard green noodles
牡蛎细面 Oyster thin noodles
板条Flat noodles
米粉Rice noodles
炒米粉 Fried rice noodles
冬粉 Green bean noodle
汤类鱼丸汤Fish ball soup
貢丸汤Meat ball soup
蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤 Clams soup
牡蛎汤 Oyster soup
紫菜汤Seaweed soup
酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup
馄饨汤 Wonton soup
猪肠汤 Pork intestine soup
肉羹汤Pork thick soup
鱿鱼汤Squid soup
花枝羹 Squid thick soup
3.酒精类饮品 Alcoholic Beverages
国酒 Chinese Wines
洋酒 Imported Wines
白兰地与威士忌Brandy and Whisky
金酒与朗姆酒 Gin and Rum
伏特加与龙舌兰Vodka and Tequila
利口酒和开胃酒Liqueurs and Aperitifs
红酒 Red Wine
不含酒精类饮品 Non-Alcoholic Beverages
中国饮品文化 Chinese Drinking Culture
中国茶文化Chinese Tea Culture
中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture
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